 Livraria Aillaud & Lellos, Rua do Carmo. Great ampersand, lousy spacing. © Dan Reynolds Before we dive into the afternoon session, a quick word about the food. The buffet style catering at the FBAUL was very well cared for, but the Portuguese cuisine itself is not really my thing. I missed fresh vegetables, and on the whole the food was a little too greasy for my taste. But the desserts... ah, the desserts! <mind drifts off into sugar-induced bliss>
Julia Lila | A journey into the future First up was Julia Lila who designed the map for the projected Helsinki metro network. The premise of her talk was that visual presentation of the proposed extensions as a complete metro network helps people to realise its potential. By making spoken and written plans more “real”, graphic design and typography can play a crucial role in urbanisation, in the shaping of cities.
Julia took us through the different stages of the design of the map, commenting on the decisions she made that helped define the final form. Although the intent and the end result were all good – the plan ended up being supported by even those who originally opposed it –, I must say I found her graphic solution to be quite generic. I was especially disappointed by her eventual use of centred Helvetica, which proved to be far less adequate than she intended. More-so the argumentation of her choice failed to convince me. The fact that Helvetica had been used as a corporate face for a long time does not take away that it’s legibility is often problematic. So on the whole, a nice example of the power of graphic design in the grander scheme of city planning and its influence on decision-making... just a shame the design itself didn’t live up to its potential.
 map of the future metro network for the Helsinki capital area
 map of the future metro network for the Helsinki capital area (detail)
Massimo Vignelli | Signs and type
 Massimo Vignelli © Henrique Nardi And then, of course, the famed Massimo Vignelli – design icon, living legend, winner of numerous awards, holder of just as numerous doctorates and so on and so on. Before I go on, for fairness’ sake I need to warn you. I’m part of the Typophile community, and... well, let’s say that Vignelli’s ideas about type design are not exactly highly regarded there. And I have gone on record that I would go to great lengths to ridicule his statement that all you need are five specific typefaces (I know, sometimes it’s two, this time it was six, but that’s just cosmetics).
 Oops, looks like Bodoni wasn’t embedded in the presentation... I don’t want to give the impression I’m taking a cheap shot at Mr. Vignelli, but his first slide was so accidentally funny I simply have to share it with you. All it came down to was an innocent software glitch of course. Everybody cracked up and some started shouting: “That’s not Helvetica!”, referring to Mr. Vignelli’s dogmatic stance on type selection.
 The New York City subway signage, designed by Massimo Vignelli (originally Akzidenz-Grotesk, currently Helvetica) The first half hour Mr. Vignelli toured us through various of his designs related to “journeys” – including signage systems for subways, stations and airports; several logos; travel guides; street signs and so on. Then, suddenly there was a snap, and to our astonishment he started ranting and raving against the “thousands of rubbish typefaces” that polluted the visual landscape and created this “visual clutter” he couldn’t stop complaining about. He particularly had issues with digital distortions, and the fact that current type design went wide, not deep, meaning there was no depth nor research involved. Mr. Vignelli concluded by pontificating that all the world needed were six timeless typefaces that could cater to every single communication problem: Helvetica, Times, Futura, New Century, Garamond and Bodoni if I’m not mistaken. He ended his talk to rapturous applause, which puzzled me a bit as he had given a clear impression he didn’t regard the type design activities from most of the attendance very highly.
 Grand Central Station in New York City, lettering designed by Massimo Vignelli (Garamond, vinyl letters) After he finished several reactions came from the audience, the first one from Jan Middendorp who pointed out that the explosion of grunge was over ten years in the past and that we were well beyond that stage of digital manipulation and into a new era of creative bloom. Tim Ahrens rhetorically asked if Mr. Vignelli would also apply this principle to other forms of cultural expression, and as such there was no need for new novels, new music, new movies etc. Gerard Unger addressed the fact that the typefaces that Mr. Vignelli so highly regarded all presented specific problems which had been solved in new type designs. And me? I repeatedly raised my hand and lowered it again, because the person next to me kept grabbing my arm and urged me to please please be polite and not be too abrasive in my reaction.
Instead of hijacking my own post and making it way too long, I will write an opinion piece about Massimo Vignelli’s statements right after I finish these ATypi reports. So please bear with me.
Erik Spiekermann | Type with a purpose Erik Spiekermann’s presentation started with him explaining he respected Vignelli’s point of view but didn’t agree with it, to which he added his well-known quote: “Indeed you don’t need 5.000 fonts – you can go by with only five fonts, but my five fonts are not necessarily the same as your five fonts, so it’s a good thing we have 5.000 fonts to choose from.” Makes sense.
Erik Spiekermann © Henrique Nardi Erik showed us through his work for Deutsche Bahn, the German Railways, that designing typefaces as part of large Corporate Design Programmes is as much politics and sales as it is design. The work doesn’t stop when the typefaces are delivered to the client. Numerous applications for the typefaces have to designed to guarantee their correct usage.
 Some instances of the DB types Art direction and design by Erik Spiekermann, type design by Christian Schwartz Watching Erik give a presentation is always a joy. He's a gifted speaker, very entertaining, but it’s not fluff. While his descriptions of having to sit through endless meetings with technocrats and fighting an uphill battle against bureaucracy often were hilarious, they gave you a valuable insight in the intimate workings of such a large scale operation. His accounts showed that to be successful as a designer first and foremost you have to be a good communicator and preferably possess lawyer-like qualities to justify, defend and sell your designs.
 The previous look of the DB timetables ...
 ... and the current look, using the new DB Types Having Spiekermann’s talk come straight after Mr. Vignelli’s made the flaws in Mr. Vignelli’s theories painfully obvious. Spiekermann works from the text up, which makes him concerned about appropriateness, context and legibility of type. As an information designer he designs systems and structures that optimally serve the content. This concern is conspicuously absent in Mr. Vignelli’s work. He explained himself that he approaches typography as the structuring of abstract blocks of grey matter, making his choice of type secondary and quite arbitrary. So there’s very little research and no context when it comes to type selection.
A cute little anecdote was Erik telling about how he inventoried the typefaces used by Deutsche Bahn before the introduction of the new DB custom corporate faces. The list comprised exactly those timeless faces extolled by Mr. Vignelli, but the resulting corporate style was – indeed – cluttered beyond salvation. The new co-ordinated type families on the other hand lent a balanced unified look to the corporate identity. Now that’s irony for you...
Anthony Inciong | Locating resonance After the coffee break I decided to head over to Track Two, as I was intrigued to find out what Anthony Inciong’s observations and reservations about the OpenType format would be. This was not the best decision I made all day...
I may be oversimplifying things here, but when making a presentation at a conference you better be either relevant or entertaining. Of course preferably you'll be both, but if that’s not possible, well, try to be at least one of the two. No matter how brilliant your dissertation is, if you plan to just sit at a desk, unmoving, simply reading aloud while in the background some unclear, artsy animation with type is playing... it’s not gonna work. By the way, a dissertation generally does not make a good presentation, as it usually is meant to be read, not recited.
Now I can forgive a flawed delivery – not everybody is a born orator. I'm inclined to be less forgiving if said person is a teacher who should be used to speak to groups of students. Furthermore if the content has little to nothing to do with what’s announced in the program, you’re very likely to tick off a couple of people. Lastly, not having a clear line of thought in your exposé, not wrapping it up in a satisfying way and not being able to give acceptable answers to questions from the bemused attendance – does – not – help.
Argh, now I’m the one who’s being pedantic...
Thomas Phinney | Character-set voyages Also on Track 2 Adobe’s Thomas Phinney took us on a comprehensive journey through the history of coded character sets, ending with current and future trends. This provided a historical background for the question what to with open-ended character sets. As it is unfeasible to include the characters for every single language in every new font, the solution might be glyphlets – little add-on character sets which enhance a given OpenType face with one or more custom characters. A light but thoroughly interesting presentation which offered a glimpse into a near and promising future.
Ellen Lupton | Free Font Manifesto And then, at last, Ellen Lupton’s keynote speech could be delivered. The presentation with the cryptical title “Univers strikes back” dealt with the Free Font Manifesto. In short there is a movement that asks “What if every digital foundry on earth gave away one great typeface as a gift to humanity”. Since originally posting this manifesto on her website Lupton has been garnering feedback from people from the type industry. This has helped her refine the original premise to its more cautious current version.
 Ellen Lupton © Henrique Nardi It was to expected that more than a few eye-brows were raised and quite a few number of people disagreed. The discussion is continuing on the Manifesto’s dedicated blog, so if you’re interested in these issues I recommend you go over there and read it all. This is what I had to say:
“I applaud your idealism but I really fail to see the problem. There are a good number of decent freeware typefaces around, some of the larger foundries have fonts of them bundled with software and publications, ... So what more do people need?
There already is a problem of perception – the general public thinks type is just "there", and is oblivious to the fact that creating good typefaces is an intensive, time-consuming activity. It takes considerable skill, an inhuman amount of patience and hundreds, sometimes thousands of working hours. If we reinforce the illusion that fonts just appear out of nowhere by casually giving them away, we undermine the type industry and the livelihood of countless type designers who'll have an even harder time trying to make a living out of their craft.
I say we leave it up to the type designers themselves. The OpenSource community is there to take care of things. There's really no need to start some kind of border-crossing initiative. Also, this movement you start up has the potential to make look bad and selfish the designers who wish not to participate, possibly because they are independents and just can't afford to give away months, sometimes years of hard labour. I don't want to sound pedantic, but I think your initiative could use a fair amount of discretion, because this possibly has already done harm to the type community without you even realising it.”

Reading the original letter by Andrei Michael Herasimchuk that started this manifesto made me conclude that maybe it’s not that there aren’t enough quality freefonts out there. I have the impression that it’s more like most people simply regret their personal favourite is not for free... Tough noogies.
The evening was closed off by the obligatory ATypI auction, with the indefatigable Erik Spiekermann providing plenty of laughs in his role as Master of Ceremonies, and Simone Wolf as his beautiful assistant.
 Erik Spiekermann & Simone Wolf © Jean Baptiste Levée
:: The ATypI 2006 Lisbon Reports :: Day 1 | opening night Day 2 | morning session | afternoon session Day 3 | morning session | afternoon session Day 4 | closing day
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The limits of my presentation were clear to me ? I wrote the blurb and paper after all and yes, you are oversimplifying. With regards to the content and your dismissal of its relevance, I made it clear as I read that my perception of the format had changed; that I felt uneasy about the technophilic overtones of my blurb. I shared an opinion about the format based on what I noticed, based on where I am in the world, and where I teach. There is, among students, an inherent resistance to language that makes stylistic control and thousands of glyphs a minor (not useless) concern. I made this assessment after having taught typography courses in which literacy is itself undervalued. This is what needs to be addressed and it is the thing to which I have devoted my time. Resonant typography is only partly the result of tools. It is a commitment to language and to the manner in which it is dispersed.
OpenType is a means to an end. It is not typography and I framed this argument by discussing the work of Noordzij, Smeijers, and Underware who have defined the discipline and have proven to be exemplars of literacy in the broadest sense. I discussed the format in terms of history, education, craft, and the negotiability of meaning. That meaning and language are in constant flux raises questions about the mandate to issue ?authentic? typefaces with enormous character sets. Advanced stylistic control is a convenience I appreciate but don?t encyclopedic typefaces exceed the demands of average users? Why are type designers compelled to make OpenType fonts? It strikes me as odd that we?ll be left with no choice but to buy and use such fonts when they?re a lot more work and more costly. Who?s really benefiting from this transition?
Typefaces are instruments ? I?m much more concerned about how we instruct students to use them. I felt obliged to appraise the format in terms of my milieu and, if context is everything, your remark about my ability to present is as distorted as it is petty. You intimate that I am less a teacher for my ?flawed delivery? and your forgiveness a favor you deign to grant. (Please? If I needed it, I?d have asked for it!) Besides, I did not present as a teacher. The choice to read my paper and to show what I showed (artsy is right), for better or worse, was determined by what I believed to be appropriate at that time. Cramped as the space was, sitting behind a desk seemed the only choice!
While I wish I could have gathered my thoughts speedily enough to offer my audience more palatable answers, I wonder if your comments are really a matter of preference as opposed to relevance? My paper was substantially edited, though its dissertational quality proved irreducible. I was convinced that such a format ? lengthy and even pedantic ? fit the venue and if you hated my presentation, you could have walked out. I?d be disappointed to know that my listeners needed entertaining. Were they not comprised of typographers, type designers, and graphic designers? And isn?t typography analogous to patience?
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